V. A Trip to Sergiyev Posad

Sergiyev Posad, of course, is where all this is heading, a town seventy kilometres to the north-east of Moscow and my only excursion outside the capital city. For the hour-long journey, we catch a train from the Yaroslavsky terminal. My son is disappointed that it won’t be one of the newer trains, he says trains to the north-east are the last to be modernized, but it looks fine to me. We will pass through Mytishchi, which my son jokes every visitor to Moscow must go to because a friend of his lives there. We record a short video in which I say what a nice city it is. I see greenery, snaking rivers, houses instead of blocks, lots of tin huts with chimneys poking out of them. I imagine what the scene would look like if it was covered in snow. It’s not as lush as Bulgaria, the climate here is more severe, and the trees are several weeks behind Sofia.

Sergiyev Posad is where the Trinity Lavra of St Sergius is located, Russian Orthodoxy’s spiritual centre. I have wanted to go there for a long time. Not only does it contain the relics of Russia’s most important saint, St Sergius of Radonezh, who lived in the fourteenth century, but the same church that contains his relics houses probably the most famous icon in the world, the Trinity by Andrei Rublev. Russia is famous for three icons: the Trinity; the Vladimir icon of the Mother and Child, which I have seen in the main cathedral in Moscow (at a distance, behind bulletproof glass), a twelfth-century icon sent by the Patriarch of Constantinople to the Grand Prince Yuri Dolgorukiy of Kiev which is said to have protected Moscow from an invasion by Timur in 1395; and the Kazan icon of the Mother and Child, the original of which was lost in 1904 (the robbers were interested in the frame, not the icon itself!), so there are only copies, of which I venerated one on the Kolomenskoye estate, in the church associated with Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, father of Peter the Great, next to the avenue of lime trees and opposite the former site of his wooden palace.

When we arrive in Sergiyev Posad, we walk along the platform and cross the tracks to exit through a barrier. I can glimpse a gold dome in the distance. The town reminds me of a settlement in the Wild West with a main street and not much else. The buildings are ugly, but this is not the point of our visit. We head right, and then left, emerging onto a patch of grass with the Konchura River flowing through it, which offers an attractive view of our destination. My son again takes me a different way, past a memorial of military glory, which really holds little interest for me, until at last I find myself in front of the monastery gate. It is a Sunday, and there is a constant trickle of pilgrims, but nothing overwhelming. I pause for photos in front of the entrance. As we enter, we pass frescoes of St Sergius greeting a flock of doves – his future disciples – and blessing Prince Dmitry Donskoy before he meets the Tatar army at the Battle of Kulikovo, two pivotal moments in the saint’s life, which represent his spiritual authority and legacy.

Inside the enclosure proper, we pass the Dormition Cathedral on the right. There is the grave of an elder, which is recent (beneath wood, not stone) and covered in flowers, attracting the attention of numerous pilgrims, some of whom must have known him when he was alive. We then pass the Church of the Holy Spirit, its white walls blazing for a moment in the light of the sun, which emerges briefly from the clouds, and join the queue outside the Trinity Cathedral to venerate the saint’s relics. The wind is biting, but I do not mind this. Actually I like the fact of waiting. It gives you time to reflect and creates a bond with the people around you. A woman comes out and asks us to queue next to the church wall, not out into the square. We are given books of prayers in Russian to the saint. As often in Russian churches, we will enter the church from the side. I have found entrances in Moscow confusing – you’re never quite sure where they are, and when you do find them, you’re never quite sure which part of the building you are in.

Here, however, on entering the church, we find ourselves in the narthex, candles flaring, those for the living on brass stands that are higher than those for the departed, the metal gleaming where it has been oiled to prevent the wax from sticking. Women busily scrub away, keeping the surfaces clean. The nave is on our left. We turn the corner and, as if entering Noah’s ark, are lined up so that we approach the relics two by two. I’m just glad my son is next to me, and not with someone else. I gaze around, searching for the icon of the Trinity, which I imagine will be in the centre of the church, not on the iconostasis itself, but I am wrong. There is one Trinity to the left of the holy doors, next to the Mother, but I do not think it is this one. To the right of the holy doors, where Christ would normally be… Yes, this is it. I feel certain that this is it, and I sneak a photograph of the image. I know that photography is not permitted, but I also know that Russians love their mobile phones. It is time to turn my attention to the relics, which are in a silver shrine against the wall, to the far right of the iconostasis. A man beckons people forwards, helps them bow, and then urges them on. Orthodoxy is all about movement. People make the sign of the cross. A choir sings – a moleben, perhaps, or an akathist to the saint. The most common words in an Orthodox service are a plea for mercy: “Lord, have mercy.” I am carried forwards, as if on a wave. I see the opening. The face is covered, unlike in Greek churches, where the face is often visible. I bow down and kiss the glass, touch it with my forehead, and kiss it again. I have waited so long for this moment. Already I am descending the steps, back to the nave proper. I do not remember having ascended them. I join the huddle of the choir, turn back in the direction of the relics, I need more time, and begin to pray. And then something very strange happens.

It is as if a channel opens up. I have never experienced anything like this before. It is as if the saint himself is listening. I pray in silence, but feel as if my words are magnified in heaven, are reaching right to God’s throne through the saint’s intervention. I stutter out my prayers, my meagre requests. It is as if I have been asking to see someone important in order to let my thoughts be known, and now I have been given the opportunity, I feel rather flustered. Whereas our words normally form a thread, which may or may not reach its destination, my words now are a thoroughfare, a broad boulevard, a royal road. A link has been enabled between me and heaven, and the one who has done this is lying a few feet in front of me. I know it cannot go on forever and must come to an end. What it would be to enjoy such discourse on a permanent basis! Faith is the enlarging of things. Faith is sight and hearing. So often in this world we feel undervalued, overlooked, when, like the animals in Moscow Zoo, all we want is to be acknowledged – not to engage in trade, not to engage in trickery or deceit, but to be ourselves, fully open. We spend so much time immersed in conflict, but when we meet our own fragility, our own breathlessness, I do not think we have the strength to wish anyone ill. When facing the firing squad in One Hundred Years of Solitude, Arcadio realizes how much he really loved the people he hated most. In death, in fragility, there is no room for hostility.

We leave the church and head back to the frontier town. We eat a pizza in Dodo’s. I cannot stop smiling. This is the perfect conclusion to my visit, and I experience enormous gratitude. Orthodoxy is about endurance, something I think people in the West do not understand. You endure, despite the hardships, the obvious persecution. It is not about convenience. It is about being pushed to the limit, to the edge of time itself, and peering over into the chasm of eternity. A saint who has been dead for 650 years opens up the gate to heaven for me. I feel more alive than I have for ages. And I smile, because my son is opposite me. I am not alone. My life has meaning.

  1. In front of the Trinity Lavra.
  2. St Sergius blessing Prince Dmitry.
  3. The wall of the Church of the Holy Spirit with the Trinity Cathedral on the left.
  4. The queue outside the Trinity Cathedral.
  5. My photo of the Trinity icon, which forms part of the iconostasis in the position normally occupied by Christ.
  6. The Trinity icon in relation to the shrine of St Sergius on the right.
  7. In Dodo Pizza.

Jonathan Dunne

Back to the beginning: Red Square

II. The Tretyakov Gallery

I am not a fan of art galleries – I find them ever so slightly soporific. But not the Tretyakov. I am enthralled. Each new hall – and there are sixty-two of them – reveals a new wonder. I go around, choosing my favourite painting in each room, but soon I have to surpass my limit of one and choose two or three. The paintings go from the eighteenth century (Catherine II’s Victory over the Turks and Tatars) to the mid-twentieth century (these are among my favourites). There are portraits (lots of them), rural scenes, battle scenes, a remarkable and slightly surreal Appearance of Christ to the People by Alexander Ivanov, where the focus is on John the Baptist and the motley crew that have gathered around him (Christ is in the background, and you do not notice him at first). What makes it even more wonderful is the presence in the next hall of the studies the painter carried out for each of the characters in the main painting. They are clearly recognizable. I am touched by Vasily Tropinin, his portrait of a lacemaker (and indeed his self-portrait with the Kremlin behind him). There are portraits of famous writers, from Pushkin to Gogol and Dostoevsky to Chekhov, and composers like Mussorgsky and Tchaikovsky. But my favourite portrait is the magical Girl with Peaches by Valentin Serov, the fruit and cutlery on the table, the plate on the wall, the greenery visible through the window, and the girl’s somewhat nonchalant gaze. She seems to have been captured with ruffled hair before leaping up from her chair to go out into the garden. Serov has a similarly liquid portrait of the last tsar, Nicholas II, and a scene of his happier coronation in the Assumption Cathedral, a bustle of colour and activity, movement and intensity. There is a peacefulness to the Russian countryside (the Russian soul?) – take, for example, The Rooks Have Come by Alexei Savrasov (available as a phone cover in the gift shop) or A Quiet Monastery by Isaac Levitan. There are battle scenes that reflect the futility of war (The Vanquished by Vasily Vereshchagin, with a priest censing the bodies of the dead). Ilya Repin is a master – he is famous for his painting of Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan, the tsar having just dealt his son a fatal blow to the head, but I prefer his portraits (his daughter sitting on a branch). I am very impressed by Nikolai Ge and his religious scenes – the Roman soldiers departing the scene of the crucifixion, almost laughing about it, while unbeknown to them, as the sun rises, an angel hastens to the ensuing resurrection. I am not such a fan of Mikhail Vrubel and his blotchy paintings – they seem to like him – but I do like the twentieth-century representatives: Evening in the Steppe by Pavel Kuznetsov, the humour of A Windy Day by Nikolay Krymov, and Constantinople. Dogs by Martiros Saryan.

Just when I think I cannot take any more, I reach halls 56-62, the end of the exhibition, with all the ancient icons, and my breath is taken away: St Nicholas and the Annunciation, twelfth-century icons from Novgorod; the early fifteenth-century Transfiguration by a painter of the circle of Theophanes the Greek; a King of Glory from my neck of the woods (the Balkans): Christ in Majesty by Dionisius; and then the crème de la crème, Andrei Rublev and his Saviour and Archangel Michael from the Deesis of Zvenigorod. I think my mouth drops open. A Russian looks at me with bemusement. My phone battery is exhausted, so I sit on the bench and contemplate the Saviour for twenty minutes, as he stares lifelike at me from out of the wood of the Trinity.

There are so many paintings to take in. I am struck by Nikolay Bogdanov-Belsky’s Mental Arithmetic, the boys in S. A. Rachinsky’s free school racking their brains to get the answer right, again the intensity of their gaze, the shared effort, the wisdom and patience of old age as the teacher waits for them to work out the equation. And this is an overriding impression in Moscow: it is a city of industry, or better industriousness, people working in concert, it is not a city that is standing still.

I decide against doing anything else that day, the Tretyakov is enough, I drink an Earl Grey tea and eat a Danish pastry, and then head back to my accommodation, my mind full of images, models gazing at me from the canvas.

  1. The Appearance of Christ to the People by Alexander Ivanov.
  2. The Rooks Have Come by Alexei Savrasov.
  3. Mental Arithmetic by Nikolay Bogdanov-Belsky.
  4. The Vanquished by Vasily Vereshchagin.
  5. Portrait of Composer M. P. Musorgsky by Ilya Repin.
  6. Heralds of the Resurrection by Nikolai Ge.
  7. A Girl with Peaches by Valentin Serov.
  8. Evening in the Steppe by Pavel Kuznetsov.
  9. The Transfiguration by a painter of the circle of Theophanes the Greek (early 15th century).
  10. Christ in Majesty by Dionisius (1500).
  11. The Saviour by Andrei Rublev (c. 1400).

Jonathan Dunne

Next: Moscow Zoo